Define "turbulence" and its effect on flight.

Turbulence refers to the chaotic and irregular motion of air, which can lead to fluctuations in altitude and attitude during flight. This phenomenon is primarily caused by various factors, including atmospheric conditions, terrain influences, and thermal changes. When an aircraft encounters turbulence, it can result in sudden and unpredictable changes in the aircraft's altitude and orientation, leading to a bumpy ride for passengers and crew.

Turbulence can arise from different sources, such as wind shear, thermal currents, and jet streams. The effect of turbulence on flight can vary from mild to severe, and while light turbulence may present minimal discomfort, severe turbulence can pose challenges to piloting the aircraft and maintaining control.

The other options describe different aspects of flight, but do not accurately define turbulence. Consistent airflow maintaining altitude refers to smooth and stable flight conditions, while guided motion deals with intentional steering of the aircraft away from weather disturbances, and strong winds aiding speed can contribute positively to flight dynamics but are not indicative of turbulence, which specifically involves erratic air movements.